The Changes of Landscape and Its Driving Forces in Ruo’ Ergai Plateau National Wetland Reserve in Sichuan, China

In Wetland National Nature Reserve is a the global unique type of alpine peat bog wetlands, peat bog for our centralized distribution. Pooled rainfall and surface runoff is located in the eastern edge of the upper reaches of the Yellow River, through the wetlands, glaciers melting snow, as well as regulation of floods, play an important role in the downstream water balance. The unique climate and geographical location, gave birth to the living environment of the World Alpine with rare animals, plants, on the other hand, Ruoergai protected areas located in the ethnic minority areas, Tibetan nomadic area and a well-known tourist area, the local social stability, important foundation for economic development, biodiversity protection and wetland resources conservation, the use of a very prominent contradictions region. Ruoergai protected area of ??wetland landscape changes not only changed the spatial structure of the landscape, but also affected the original wetland landscape ecological service function, in particular, have an important impact on biodiversity habitats. Previous studies have shown the region, the water environment of the protected areas decreasing migration of wet Geological heart, suitable for a variety of rare animals and plants to survive and multiply wetland environment continued loss of biodiversity is seriously threatened and endanger the sustainable development of the local economy , thus becoming the focus of attention at home and abroad. But for a long time at home and abroad this wetland is not in-depth. The papers selected in Wetland National Nature Reserve, the guidance of the basic principles of landscape ecology, combined with 3S technology to objectively analyze Ruoergai National Nature Reserve wetlands for 18 years (1990 to 2007) to the dynamic changes of landscape pattern, explore the wetland landscape pattern of change in major or key driving force, for the control of the protected areas of human economic activity and reasonably sustainable use of wetland resources, to provide a scientific basis for the effective protection and management of protected areas, guiding protected area management policy-making to respond to changes in the global climate and environment, and protect damaged rare plant and animal resources of the plateau wetlands, restore damaged habitats, maintain ecological security and sustainable economic and social development in the Yellow River Basin. This study is based on means of remote sensing, geographic information system and global positioning system technology in Wetland Landscape Pattern Change Research. Select the region in 1990, 2000, 2007 phase is closer to three images as the basic data source landscape interpreted, combined with relevant historical data, survey data and sampling experiments using landscape analysis software Fragstats3.3 is calculated landscape pattern index, statistical variation. The results showed that, 18 years, the evolution of wetland landscape components as the main advantage of the type of marsh meadow area increased to 48.05% from 45.36%, a landscape basement. Landscape scale, diversity index, the increase in the degree of landscape fragmentation plaque number from 2000 to 2007, a net increase of 27 landscape edge density in 2007 0.626m / hm2 Shannon diversity index increased from 1.2769 to 2007 and 2000 years 1.2797. Plaque levels, meadow and marsh meadow plaque broken degree, the highest degree of spatial heterogeneity, lakes minimum. Drainage, man-made long-term grazing disturbance frequently under the influence of elevated swampy meadow, meadow degree of fragmentation, the degree of spatial heterogeneity. In spatial and temporal evolution, reduced water habitat area, swampy meadow, dry meadow (pasture) area continued to increase from 1990 to 2000, the swampy meadow, meadow area increased by 1978.60 hm2 and 2559.09 hm2 in from 2000 to 2007, the lake water area is still shrinking the pasture grazing area to maintain growth, Saudi short-term increase in 1945.90 hm2 in reflecting Zoige wetland landscape changes gradually to former students wetland landscape terrestrial pastures. Thesis analysis to obtain the Zoige wetland landscape pattern changes in the key driving factor, its climate warming natural conditions, protected areas, community population growth up, wetlands needs for survival stress row dry overload or high-intensity grazing caused or accelerated the swamp and marsh meadow degradation meadow desertification; recovery in desertified grassland suffered grazing trampling again, desertification trend exacerbated the rodent flooding; economic development activities such as road construction, urbanization and mining activities, as well as the resources of high strength dependent and rapid economic development, the impact caused by the disorder tourism and excessive digging Luancai herbs interference, drive wetland degradation. 14 years Ruoergai years of active management of the Protected Areas Authority, landscape scale overall declining degree of fragmentation, landscape aggregation degree increments, rivers slight increase wetland environments to improve the protection and management of protected areas has played a positive role, but the swamp the wetland grass ranch degradation succession is still the main trends of this period. Strengthen the control area of ??human economic activity, Protected Areas Authority wetland biodiversity conservation of wetland resource sustainable utilization management infrastructure, the Ruoergai degradation governance and restore wetlands, required to improve understanding of Ruoergai plateau wetland protection, from the landscape large-scale thinking Ruoergai the protection and management of the National Nature Reserve on the proposed wetland protection strategies to respond to global climate change.