Multilevel Model Analysis on the Influencing Factors of Pupil Myopia in Xuhui District of Shanghai and Cross-sectional Investigation of Myopia Prevention and Control

Asian student myopia has become an important public health issue of concern. In China, students of poor vision detection rate is also higher among poor vision myopia accounted for 98%, and the incidence of myopia in a gradual trend of younger age. Myopia only to students learning, life and work in the future inconvenience, and increased their adult develop into high myopia risk, increased intraocular complications. Cause of myopia is very complicated, except for a few high myopia with genetic factors, environmental factors in the occurrence and development of simple myopia play a leading role. In view of our students' vision defect rate increased year by year, to study the factors discussed prevention and control measures is very necessary. This study focuses on the lack of research at home and abroad, through the use of multi-effects for group-level model from the individual and the school two levels to more effectively investigate the occurrence of myopia environmental factors, and to investigate the school myopia prevention and control aspects of the status of work, combined with the model results and current status of the individual survey information and school groups raised on two different levels of intervention focus, is targeted to provide the basis for myopia prevention. The first part of the influencing factors of myopia, Xuhui District, a multi-level model of a multi-level model analysis purposes myopia factors affecting individuals and school groups proposed interventions focus. Methods A cluster sampling method, Xuhui District 5 elementary grade pupils for three to five myopic behavior and environmental factors related questionnaire through a multi-level model myopia factor. Results of myopia individual level factors as: grades, parental myopia cases, the parents of the child and other supervisory eye relaxation behavior; school level factors include: gender, school weekly time outdoors, outside reading and writing time, off-campus entertainment as close to the time, reading and writing posture. Conclusion myopia intervention should be based on the different circumstances of each school to take targeted measures to myopic behavior intervention in schools will focus on student reading and writing posture on the guidance and supervision; parents should strengthen eye relaxation behavior of the child and supervise training habits. The second part of the work of recent anti-school qualitative research to understand the purpose of myopia prevention in schools carry out the situation, to understand the level of school supervision and management process problems, weaknesses and other factors, from school level to provide a basis for intervention . Methods surveyed five school health teachers make personal in-depth interviews, including the school system, teachers read and write position to carry out and supervise the situation, eye exercises to carry out and supervise the situation and so on. Analysis method using the framework of a summary and analysis of interview results. Results for the recent anti-school overall management, supervision and not enough emphasis on assessment, input of manpower, material and financial resources as well as some teachers 'lack of awareness of errors such as myopia, myopia causes harm students' lack of knowledge, lack of serious attitude, interventions such as eye exercises do not achieve the desired effect. In addition, parents give their children such as remedial classes at the additional amount of work, even indirectly offset the burden to students over the school's mission. Conclusion schools should establish a reasonable near-perfect anti-working system, the schools, students and parents three closely linked, school wide education and guidance for high school students reading and writing posture supervision, eye exercises supervision, supervision of outdoor activities such as weak links strengthening interventions closely with parents, students are actively involved in the anti near, and improve student myopia prevention work. The third part of the working class against nearly Objective quantitative research work carried out during the recent anti-teacher participation in the status quo, weaknesses and problems for the development of positive and effective intervention measures to provide evidence. Method in the form of a questionnaire to all five school teacher for grades 3-5 defense work carried out in recent surveys, using descriptive analysis and χ2 test was used for statistical analysis and summary of the results. Results of myopia teacher lacks sufficient knowledge of reading and writing correct posture and do eye exercises such as the prevention of myopia lack of understanding of the role; posture for high school students to read and write behavior of supervision, supervision of outdoor activities is the weak link; downward trend to have the vision and mild myopia students failed to communicate effectively with parents and supervision, lack of recent anti enthusiasm. Conclusions on teacher knowledge and strengthen myopia prevention measures in the near missionary work and take effective measures to promote their attitudes and changing concepts, reading and writing posture for high school students conduct supervision, supervision of outdoor activities to strengthen weak links such interventions with parents communicate with each other and contact, and actively participate in the prevention student myopia.