The Proximal Deixis "Shi" and "Ci"

Demonstrative pronoun“shi”and“ci”are the two proximal deixis who are the highest in useful frequency and the most widely used in Pre-Qin Chinese. This paper according to the differences between them in five Qin literatures concludes their concurrent causes .They are <The Book of Odes>、<The Analects>、<Tso chuan>、<Mencius> and <Hsun Tzu>. This paper bases on these use-cases, adopts modern scientific methods, and tries to give a horizontal and vertical analysis. So we will find the essential distinction of proximal deixis .And then we can reach a conclusion: Demonstrative pronoun“shi”and“ci”are not contemporaries. Because of its step-down indication, Demonstrative pronoun“shi”loses the deictic function. Dialectical demonstrative pronoun“ci”evolves as a master proximal deixis.This paper falls into five parts: First, to be the introduction, gives a general overview of the subject. Second, to be the scope and distinction of the proximal deixis, analyzes the number of the proximal deixis and the difference of them and then defines the proper proximal deixis -“shi”and“ci”.Third, to be the comparison of the free structure about“shi”and“ci”, chews them on and finds the difference between them based on analyze these different functions used as subject, object and attribute. Forth, to be the comparison of the fixed structure about“shi”and“ci”, summarizes their essential distinction by means of minimum matching Fifth, to be the summary. Opening chapter; second chapter third chapter; forth chapter Fifth chapter make a summary.