The Effect of Econutrition on Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesion in Rats with Severe Head Injury

Background: The prevention of severe traumatic brain injury (Severe Head Injury, SHI) after acute gastric mucosal injury (AcuteGastric Mucosal Lesion, AGML) the occurrence of one of the important subject of trauma research field. In recent years, in addition to drug research and Enteral Nutrition (Enteral Nutrition, EN) role in the prevention and treatment of AGML caused increasing attention. Ordinary enteral nutrition to restore and maintain the physiological functions of the gastrointestinal tract, increasing gastrointestinal blood supply, and stomach acid, protect gastric mucosa Studies have demonstrated, however limited role to improve gastrointestinal barrier function. With the development of clinical nutrition and metabolism regular in-depth study, proposed the concept of eco-nutrition (Econutrition, EC), add probiotics (, Probiotics,) that in the ordinary enteral nutrition in maintaining human gastrointestinal tract micro ecological balance to enhance the intestinal immune system, reduce bacterial shift. Research has shown that the probiotic (Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus), not only can the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, to maintain the body's micro-ecological balance of the gastrointestinal tract, it has biological characteristics (Protection of gastric mucosal integrity, anti-oxidation, inhibit inflammation medium secretion, inhibit Helicobacter pylori) may play a role in stress-induced acute gastric mucosal injury prevention. Ecological nutrition research at home and abroad mainly intestinal barrier function in patients with severe trauma and burns, has confirmed that the ecological nutrition can enhance gastrointestinal mucosal barrier, reducing bacterial translocation, reduce the incidence of infectious complications. In gastric mucosal protection, probiotics are used for treatment of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa disease, if there is no relevant reports of the protective effect of acute stress-induced gastric mucosal injury after severe traumatic brain injury. Based on the the multiple positive role of probiotics in the gastrointestinal tract of the body, it is assumed that it can protect brain injury in gastric mucosa from stress-induced damage or reduce the degree of stress injury, by the studies for clinical severe traumatic brain injury people choose more Jia enteral nutrition has a role to protect the gastrointestinal mucosa substrate, to provide new ideas and theoretical basis. Objective: SHI induced AGML rat model to explore the impact of the eco nutrition SHI rats AGML confirmation ecological nutrition whether the protective effect of severe traumatic brain injury complicated acute gastric mucosal injury. Methods: 75 Sprague-Dawlay (SD) rats conventional adaptive feeding one week, using a random number table, the rats were randomly divided into normal control group (Normal Control, C group), trauma control group (Injury Control, I group ), enteral nutrition group (Enteral Nutrition, EN group), eco-nutrition group (Econutrition EC group). C group not injured. EC group after injury 4h fed with nutrient solution via the gastrointestinal tract thirty-nine full battalion factors Bifidobacterium triple viable capsule The nutrient solution heat 1673.6kJ/100g, feeding amount of 598.19kJ / (kg · d) daily in 3 fed with free access to water, the rest of the time. Bifidobacterium triple viable capsules given a dose of 350mg / (kg · d). EN group after injury 4h feeding the 999 entire battalion prime, heat with the EC group. I fed with normal saline group 4h after injury with the same feeding practices. 1,3,5 days after injury, the three time points to observe the changes in serum and gastric indicators. Laser Doppler blood flow measurement detected gastric mucosal blood flow (Gastric Mucosal Blood Flow, GMBF); xanthine oxidase test serum and pathological hematoxylin - eosin (Hematoxylin-eosin staining, HE) staining of gastric mucosal damage extent; content of the gastric mucosal superoxide dismutase (Superoxide Dismutase, SOD); thiobarbituric acid method detects serum and gastric malondialdehyde (MaleicDialdehyde, MDA) content; radioimmunoassay of serum tumor necrosis factor-α (Tumor NecrosisFactor-α, TNF-α) content; calculating the ulcer index (Ulcer Index, UI). Data as mean and standard deviation ((?) ± s) said SPSS11.0 statistical package Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis, P <0.05 for significant difference, P <0.01 for the difference is very significant. . Results: 1. Successfully established Rats with severe traumatic brain injury caused by the the AGML model used in this experiment pneumatic shock caused by severe traumatic brain injury in animal models, the model of the mortality rate of about 23%. Observed injury to rat brain anatomical and pathological changes in different parts of the brain exist changes in brain contusion, bleeding or subdural hematoma; 24h after injury pathology HE staining showed evidence of bleeding hippocampus. To select 1,3,5 days three time points after injury, continuous dynamic observation of changes in injured rat gastric mucosa, general observations indicate that the AGML the occurred after SHI was 100%. Pathological HE staining was found the SHI rat gastric mucosa in each phase to have varying degrees of capillary hemorrhage oozing epithelial cells shedding necrosis, and five days after the injury to change the most significant. These results suggest that the animal model of severe traumatic brain injury caused by acute gastric mucosal injury meet the standard, a more comprehensive response after severe traumatic brain injury and acute gastric mucosal injury occurrence and development process. Ecological nutrition of severe traumatic brain injury rat gastric ulcer index EN group U in trauma feeding 3,5 days was significantly lower than that in group I (P <0.01). UI of the EC group at each time point compared with the group I were very significantly decreased (P <0.01). EC group compared with the EN group in addition to outside trauma fed for one day UI change is not statistically significant (P> 0.05), the rest of the time points were significantly decreased (P <0.05). Ecological nutrition of severe traumatic brain injury in rat gastric mucosal blood flow I and EN groups GMBF each phase is very significantly lower than in group C (P <0.01). EN group compared with the group I except trauma fed for one day, the rest of the time points GMBF significantly higher (P <0.01, P <0.05), and EC group GMBF in each time point were significantly higher in group I (P < 0.01), to five days close to the normal control group (P> 0.05). The trauma of EC group and EN group feeding 3,5 days GMBF were significantly increased (P <0.05). Ecological nutrition of severe traumatic brain injury in serum SOD, MDA influence of Group I, EN group, EC serum SOD values ??at each time point was significantly lower than that in group C (P <0.01). Group I, EN group compared with group C serum MDA was significantly increased (P <0.01). The EC group serum MDA trauma feeding one day very significantly higher than that in group C (P <0.01), and the remaining time points decreased to near normal values ??(P> 0.05). EN group, EC serum SOD activity trauma feeding 3,5 days was significantly higher than that in group I (P <0.01, P <0.05), MDA content was significantly decreased (P <0.01). EC group fed for one day trauma of serum SOD, MDA content was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), and the remaining time points serum SOD levels were significantly increased (P <0.05), and MDA content was significantly lower compared with the EN group EN group (P <0.05). Ecological nutrition of severe traumatic brain injury rat gastric SOD, MDA impact of group I, EN group, EC group and C group at all time points compared to the gastric mucosa SOD activity was significantly decreased (P <0.01), MDA, The content is very significantly increased (P <0.01). EN group, EC group compared with the group I in addition to the trauma fed for one day of the gastric mucosa of SOD, MDA content was not statistically significant (P> 0.05), the remaining time points SOD activity was very significantly increased (P <0.01), MDA content very significantly decreased (P <0.01). EC group compared with the EN group, trauma feeding 3,5 days the gastric mucosa SOD were significantly increased (P <0.05), and MDA decreased significantly (P <0.05). 6 ecological nutrition of severe traumatic brain injury group I serum levels of TNF-α, EN group, EC group and C group compared each phase point serum TNF-α were very significantly higher (P <0.01). EN group compared with the group I at each time point serum TNF-α levels although the downward trend, but the difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). EC serum TNF-α levels in trauma feeding 3,5 days was significantly lower than in group I (P <0.01, P <0.05), while no statistically significant changes in serum TNF-α compared with the EN group at each time point ( P> 0.05). Conclusion: 1. Severe traumatic brain injury one day to observe changes in rats with acute gastric mucosal injury, peaked degree of injury to five days. Ecological nutrition can promote severe traumatic brain injury recovery of acute gastric mucosal injury, which may be related to increased gastric mucosal blood flow, increase the activity of superoxide dismutase, inhibited TNF-α Hopson. 3. Protection of eco-nutrition severe traumatic brain injury rat gastric mucosa superior to ordinary enteral nutrition. Ecological nutrition continuous applications for more than three days in order to play better efficacy.