Study on the Differences Between Letters of Indemnity at Shipment and Letters of Indemnity at Discharge

The bill of lading and letters of credit system of international trade across the distance of space and time , as well as the rights of the seller and the buyer is fully protected . Because of the importance of the bill of lading , the countries are to be strictly on the bill of lading system , which to some extent affected the circulation of goods . \Plays a positive role in the shipping and international trade , but it has also brought negative impact . So , the legal effect of the issue has been the subject of much attention . National laws be amended accordingly , in order to adapt to the current situation , however unsatisfactory . I believe that BG issues remain unsettled because people tend to all the guarantees as a whole to discuss , without distinction between . This paper attempts to analysis of the nature of the shipment the guarantees and Fanghuo guarantees the derivation of these two guarantees respective causes , and further proposed the corresponding solution . This paper consists of four parts . The opening chapter , the author first a brief introduction of the bill of lading and shipping guarantees . Analysis of the importance of the bill of lading in shipping and international trade , and then leads around shipping guarantees it . Aspects of the author in the second part , from the existence of value and risk , theoretical analysis and practical point of view, the national attitude and our judicial practice of the legal nature of its legal effect shipment guarantees . The third part is the analysis of the nature of the delivery of goods Guarantee . The author or start value and risk Zhaobi to analyze , and then from the contrast of the traditional ideas and new perspectives on the delivery of goods guarantees . The author leads in the last chapter shipment guarantees a fraud between the shipper and the carrier and the consignee of self - relief legal issues; and Fanghuo BG , is the conclusion of a document system problems . And two types of shipping guarantees settlement proposals .