The Research of Chemistry Learning about "Macro-Micro-Symbol" Threefold Representation

The survey found that many students in secondary schools and universities, chemical belonging to one of the courses that difficult to learn. One important reason is caused by chemical learning difficulties caused by the complexity of the chemical disciplines. Therefore, starting from the characteristics of chemistry to find of a commanding chemical teaching and learning ideas and methods, by the majority of the attention of the chemical education researchers. The chemical is a natural sciences study the composition of the substance in the level of molecules, atoms, structure, nature and its variation. Material nature is reflected in the macroeconomic changes, material composition, structure and other microscopic theory is to understand the nature, grasp the basis of changes in the nature of the chemical symbol from the micro-level science, concisely expressed macroscopic matter and its variation become join the intermediary of the macro and micro. In this way, learners psychologically material unique three forms of representation: macroscopic characterization of microstructure characterization and symbolic representation. Determined by the characteristics of the chemical disciplines the three characterization should combine, therefore, the combination of the angle from three characterization, that is, from the point of view of the triple characterization awareness and understanding of the chemical on to become an effective way of teaching and learning of of a commanding chemical disciplines. This study focused on the five issues: Status and Problems of the three levels of chemistry learning foreign macro, micro, symbol; Triple characterization of the theory is built; characterize the situation of thinking students Triple investigation; the \textbooks reflect the characteristics of the triple characterization analysis, and training students Triple characterize the way of thinking practice. Chemical learning three levels (macro, micro and symbols) initially by the the Scotland's AHJohnstone Professor 1980s first proposed to, after this new perspective has been widespread concern foreign chemical education researchers , and have achieved a certain amount of research. Overall, however, the study was not thorough enough system, the lack of investigation of the binding of three levels of the students, and neglect of a combination of cognitive psychology. Chinese scholars in research in this area has just begun. In this study, by means of the psychological concept of \and elucidating its internal basis, basic connotation and characteristics. We believe that the triple embodies a characterization of chemistry characteristics way of thinking, it is conducive to the students a better understanding of the chemical has a unique charm and value. In addition, the formation of triple characterization, we also do a more in-depth discussion. In order to effectively train students Triple characterize the way of thinking, we constructed four teaching strategies: (1) pay attention to the students of the triple characterization awareness; (2) full use of models, photographs, multimedia, and other visual aids; (3) prominent symbols macro and micro sense; (4) mining the experimental teaching students Triple characterized. These practical research laid the foundation. In this study, self questionnaire, control method, a combination of research methods of questionnaires and personal interviews, examine of Jinan City high school freshman, junior different groups of students (936) triple characterization level thinking,